Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41585589›Full record

ArticleNational science review2026

Chronic neurostimulation of splenic nerve enabled by hydrogel-bioelectronics for wireless electroceutical immunomodulation therapy.

Wenliang Liu, Qiong Wang, Renyuan Sun, Ming Yang, Ping Wu, Dingke Zhang, Kun Yang, Chong Ma, Chuan Gao, Nanxi Yi and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in National science review, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Soft electroceutical immunomodulation.National science review · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Wenliang LiuNational Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Qiong WangDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
Renyuan SunNational Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Ming YangNational Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Ping WuThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Dingke ZhangNational Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Kun YangNational Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Chong MaNational Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Chuan GaoNational Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Nanxi YiNational Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Zhikun LiNational Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Long WenDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
Luyao WuDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
Xiaokun LiThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Jiexiong FengDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-2330
Zhouguang WangThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9903-0362
Zhiqiang LuoNational Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Research Center for Intelligent Fiber Devices and Equipment, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3867-6607

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Targeted modulation of the splenic nerve offers a selective alternative to vagus nerve stimulation, avoiding off-target activation of mixed vagal fibers. However, the small diameter and anatomical complexity of the splenic nerve pose great challenges for stable neural interfacing. Here, we report a splenic nerve wireless stimulator (SpNWS) built from stretchable and highly conductive hydrogel for chronic electroceutical immunomodulation therapy. The hydrogel-fiber neural electrodes conform to the geometries of splenic neurovascular bundles (SNVBs) and are secured using a bioadhesive approach, without inducing fibrosis or immune activation in SNVBs. SpNWSs deliver wireless stimulation using subcutaneously implanted hydrogel thin film as battery-free powering electrodes with a capacitive-coupling effect. In a chronic inflammatory bowel disease rat model, splenic nerve stimulation by an SpNWS significantly reduced colitis severity and restored intestinal immune balance by suppressing T

Indexed as

bioelectronicsconductive hydrogelselectroceuticalsneural interfaceneuromodulation

Identifiers

PMID41585589
PMCPMC12831029

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.