Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41585427›Full record

ArticleLiver cancer2025

Proton Radiotherapy Alone versus Combined with Immunotherapies or Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage B or C Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Rodney Cheng-En Hsieh, Willy Po-Yuan Chen, Jin-Chiao Lee, Chia-Hsin Lin, Yu-Chen Chang, Chao-Wei Lee, Kun-Ming Chan, Hao-Chien Hung, Tony Kuo, Shen-Yen Lin and 10 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Liver cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Rodney Cheng-En HsiehDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Willy Po-Yuan ChenDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Jin-Chiao LeeGeneral Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Chia-Hsin LinDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Yu-Chen ChangDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Chao-Wei LeeGeneral Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Kun-Ming ChanGeneral Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Hao-Chien HungGeneral Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Tony KuoGastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Shen-Yen LinMedical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Tse-Ching ChenDepartment of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Ting-Jung WuGeneral Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Chung-Wei SuGastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Hong-Shiue ChouGeneral Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Chih-Hsien ChengGeneral Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Yi-Chung HsiehGastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Chen-Yang HuangMedical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
Khac Chien TranDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
James WelshRadiation Oncology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Jason Chia-Hsun HsiehMedical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the outcomes of proton radiotherapy alone versus its combination with immuno-oncology agents (Proton-IO) or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Proton-TKI) in patients with intermediate- to advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 137 patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B or C HCC treated with proton radiotherapy at Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 2020 and 2023. Patients were stratified into three groups: proton radiotherapy alone ( Results: With a median follow-up of 30 months, patients in the Proton-IO group were significantly associated with higher 2-year overall survival (OS) rates compared with those receiving Proton-TKI or proton radiotherapy alone (77.0% vs. 47.2% vs. 52.7%; Conclusion: In BCLC stage B/C HCC, proton radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy was significantly associated with higher OS, TTP, and DMFS without an increase in grade ≥3 toxicity compared with proton radiotherapy alone or Proton-TKIs.

Indexed as

Abscopal effectAtezolizumab-bevacizumabImmune checkpoint inhibitorIntensity-modulated proton therapyLenvatinibPencil beam scanningProton beam therapyRadiation-induced liver diseaseSorafenibUpper gastrointestinal bleeding

Identifiers

PMID41585427
PMCPMC12830032

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.