ArticleStroke (Hoboken, N.J.)2023
Prehospital Triage of Intracranial Hemorrhage and Anterior Large-Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke: Value of the Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation.
Article in Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prehospital Large-Vessel Occlusion Stroke Detection Scales: A Pooled Individual Patient Data Analysis of 2 Prospective Cohorts.Neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Machine learning versus conventional methods for prehospital detection of stroke due to large vessel occlusion or intracranial haemorrhage.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Risk Factors and Prognostic Models in Acute Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: Insights From ASPECTS-Net Water Uptake.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation (RACE) Tool in Detecting Large Cerebral Vessel Occlusions; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Archives of academic emergency medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The Rapid Arterial oCclusion Evaluation (RACE) score can identify patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion (aLVO) ischemic stroke for transportation to a comprehensive stroke center for endovascular thrombectomy. However, patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) may also benefit from direct transportation to a comprehensive stroke center for neurosurgical treatment. We aimed to assess if the RACE score can distinguish patients with ICH in addition to aLVO stroke from other patients with suspected stroke. Methods: We analyzed data from the LPSS (Leiden Prehospital Stroke Study), a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study in 2 Dutch ambulance regions. Ambulance paramedics documented prehospital observations in all patients aged ≥18 years with suspected stroke. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of a positive RACE score (≥5 points) for a diagnosis of ICH or aLVO stroke, compared with patients with non-aLVO stroke, transient ischemic attack, or stroke mimic. In addition, we performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis and calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs). Results: We included 2004 patients with a stroke code, of whom 149 had an ICH, 153 had an aLVO stroke, 687 had a non-aLVO stroke, 262 had a transient ischemic attack, and 753 had a stroke mimic. Patients with ICH and aLVO stroke more often had a positive RACE score than other patients with suspected stroke (46.2% and 58.0%, respectively, versus 6.4%; Conclusions: Our study shows that the RACE score can also identify patients with ICH in addition to aLVO stroke. This emphasizes the potential of the RACE score for improving prehospital triage and allocation of patients with stroke.
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