Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41584959›Full record

ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2026

Detection of Two High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) Subtypes, H5N1 and H5N5, in a Mass Mortality Event in Wild Seabirds and Co-Location With Dead Seals.

Marco Falchieri, Eleanor Bentley, Holly A Coombes, Benjamin C Mollett, Jacob Terrey, Samantha Holland, Edward Stubbings, Natalie Mcginn, Jayne Cooper, Samira Ahmad and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Counting cases, conserving species: addressing highly pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Marco FalchieriDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK, vla.gov.uk.
Eleanor BentleyDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK, vla.gov.uk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0429-423X
Holly A CoombesDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK, vla.gov.uk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4941-6328
Benjamin C MollettDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK, vla.gov.uk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-0191
Jacob TerreyDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK, vla.gov.uk.
Samantha HollandSurveillance Intelligence Unit, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK, vla.gov.uk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3880-683X
Edward StubbingsNational Trust, Heelis Kemble Drive, Swindon, SN2 2NA, Wiltshire, UK.
Natalie McginnDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK, vla.gov.uk.
Jayne CooperDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK, vla.gov.uk.
Samira AhmadDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK, vla.gov.uk.
Jonathan LewisDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK, vla.gov.uk.
Ben CliftonDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK, vla.gov.uk.
Nick CollinsonNational Trust, Heelis Kemble Drive, Swindon, SN2 2NA, Wiltshire, UK.
James AegerterNational Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), York, YO41 1LZ, UK, vla.gov.uk.
Divya VenkateshDepartment of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK, ox.ac.uk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5441-8638
Debbie J F RussellSea Mammal Research Unit, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 8LB, UK, st-andrews.ac.uk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-102X
Joe JamesDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK, vla.gov.uk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9673-3684
Scott M ReidDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK, vla.gov.uk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-2172
Ashley C BanyardDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK, vla.gov.uk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-9825

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

H5Nx Clade 2.3.4.4b high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have been detected repeatedly in Great Britain (GB) since autumn 2020, with H5N1 dominating detections but with low level detection of H5N5 during 2025. Globally, these viruses have caused mass mortalities in captive and wild avian and mammalian populations, including terrestrial and marine mammals. H5N1 has been the dominant subtype, and whilst detections have overlapped temporally, occurrences have often been spatially distinct. Here, we report the detection of a mortality event in wild birds on the Norfolk coastline in the East of England, where H5N1 HPAIV was detected in five Great Black-backed Gulls (GBBGs;

Indexed as

CharadriiformesInfluenza A virusInfluenza A Virus, H5N1 SubtypeInfluenza in BirdsSeals, EarlessAnimalsAnimals, WildEnglandPhylogenyavian influenzaGrey SealsH5N1H5N5high pathogenicityseabirdszoonotic assessment

Identifiers

PMID41584959
PMCPMC12831281

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.