Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41584957›Full record

ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2026

Evolution and Spread of Regionally Adapted Newcastle Disease Virus Isolates From Live Bird Markets in Nigeria, 2023-2024.

Mohammed Usman Sajo, Dongyeop Lee, Jean Nepomuscene Hakizimana, Augustino Chengula, Abdul-Dahiru El-Yuguda, Dong-Hun Lee, Gerald Misinzo

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mohammed Usman SajoDepartment of Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, 67152, Tanzania, suanet.ac.tz.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8014-2011
Dongyeop LeeWildlife Health Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea, konkuk.ac.kr.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6904-6574
Jean Nepomuscene HakizimanaOR Tambo Africa Research Chair for Viral Epidemics, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, 67152, Tanzania, suanet.ac.tz.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5911-5115
Augustino ChengulaDepartment of Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, 67152, Tanzania, suanet.ac.tz.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-753X
Abdul-Dahiru El-YugudaAnimal Virus Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, 600001, Nigeria, unimaid.edu.ng.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9878-1436
Dong-Hun LeeKonkuk University Zoonotic Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea, konkuk.ac.kr.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0820-7378
Gerald MisinzoDepartment of Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, 67152, Tanzania, suanet.ac.tz.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1827-6403

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Newcastle disease (ND) virus (NDV) infection ranks among the most important poultry diseases globally. In Nigeria, ND remains a persistent menace to poultry production, marked by recurrent outbreaks. However, there is limited understanding of the evolutionary changes and transmission dynamics of the virus in the region. A molecular epidemiological study was conducted to elucidate the evolutionary and transmission patterns of NDV in Nigeria. Phylogenetic analysis of seven NDV isolates from cases recorded between 2023 and 2024 in four Northeastern states exhibited genetic diversity and formed distinct clusters that correspond to the prevailing subgenotype XIV.2. The maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree suggests sustained local circulation of the dominant NDV lineage, likely preceded by an international introduction from Southeast Asia. The fusion genes of the Nigerian genotype XIV and another important genotype XVII are mainly under negative selection, but codons 516 (XIV) and 114 (XVII) consistently show positive selection. The Nextstrain analysis reveals ongoing local evolution and genetic diversity of NDV in West Africa, and Central Nigeria acting as a key transmission hub, with evidence of reintroductions from neighboring countries. These findings have implications for NDV control and prevention strategies in Nigeria, highlighting the need for enhanced NDV surveillance, transboundary transmission control, and development of a vaccine tailored to the circulating NDV genotypes. The study also contributes to the understanding of regional spread pattern of NDV and informs evidence-based policies for mitigating the impact of the disease on poultry production.

Indexed as

Newcastle DiseaseNewcastle disease virusPoultry DiseasesAnimalsChickensEvolution, MolecularGenetic VariationGenotypeNigeriaPhylogenyevolutionfood securitymolecular epidemiologyNewcastle disease virusNigeria

Identifiers

PMID41584957
PMCPMC12831130

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.