Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41584790›Full record

ArticleUrology case reports2026

Clonal selection of pre-existing neuroendocrine component in prostate cancer during androgen receptor signaling inhibitor therapy: A case report.

Haruka Kubota, Toshiki Kijima, Hadzki Matsuda, Toshitaka Uematsu, Kohei Takei, Masahiro Yashi, Kazuyuki Ishida, Takao Kamai

Abstract readCase Reports
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Urology case reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Haruka KubotaDepartment of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
Toshiki KijimaDepartment of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
Hadzki MatsudaDepartment of Diagnostic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
Toshitaka UematsuDepartment of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
Kohei TakeiDepartment of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
Masahiro YashiDepartment of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
Kazuyuki IshidaDepartment of Diagnostic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
Takao KamaiDepartment of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is often considered treatment-induced. We report a case with pre-existing neuroendocrine differentiation that became evident during androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) therapy. A 79-year-old man with metastatic prostate cancer received degarelix plus apalutamide. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decreased to <0.01 ng/mL. Subsequently, lung and liver metastases developed while PSA remained low, with neuron-specific enolase rising to 584 ng/mL. Liver biopsy revealed PSA-negative, neuroendocrine marker-positive carcinoma. Re-evaluation of initial biopsy demonstrated positivity for both PSA and neuroendocrine markers, indicating pre-existing neuroendocrine differentiation.

Indexed as

Androgen receptor signaling inhibitorClonal selectionNeuroendocrine prostate cancerPSA-imaging discordance

Identifiers

PMID41584790
PMCPMC12830237

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.