SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2025
Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and epidemiological evidence of the risk of prostate cancer.
Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate the epidemiological association between serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) levels and the risk of prostate cancer, in order to provide evidence-based support for risk stratification and early prevention of prostate cancer. Methods: In accordance with the PRISMA statement, major domestic and international databases were systematically searched. Cohort studies, case-control studies, and Mendelian randomization studies reporting the relationship between serum IGF-I and prostate cancer risk were included. A random-effects model was used to combine effect estimates, assess heterogeneity, and perform subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias tests were used to evaluate the robustness of the results, and the GRADE system was used to assess the quality of evidence. Results: A total of 16 studies involving multiple countries were included. The combined analysis showed that higher serum IGF-I levels were associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.18, P = 0.0136), with moderate heterogeneity (I²=50.6%). Subgroup analysis indicated that the association was more prominent in studies published in the last decade and in nested case-control designs, but heterogeneity was higher in large-sample and multicenter studies. Meta-regression analysis did not find that mean age or IGF-I levels significantly explained the heterogeneity. Sensitivity and publication bias analyses both supported the robustness of the main conclusion, and the GRADE assessment indicated moderate quality of evidence. Conclusion: Higher serum IGF-I levels are epidemiologically associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, but the dose-response relationship is still unclear, and the correlation is susceptible to study characteristics and confounding factors. IGF-I is expected to be a potential biomarker for prostate cancer risk stratification. It is recommended that more high-quality studies be conducted in the future to verify its clinical application value. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420251174259.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.