Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41584595›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025

Virtual reality and 3D printing in head and neck cancer: an educational experience.

Fabrizio Ferretti, Francesca Nonis, Andrea Novaresio, Enrica Panico, Emanuele Zavattero, Claudia Borbon, Sandro Moos, Enrico Vezzetti, Massimo Fasolis, Guglielmo Ramieri

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Fabrizio FerrettiDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Torino, Italy.
Francesca NonisDepartment of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.
Andrea NovaresioDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Torino, Italy.
Enrica PanicoDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Torino, Italy.
Emanuele ZavatteroDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Torino, Italy.
Claudia BorbonDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Torino, Italy.
Sandro MoosDepartment of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.
Enrico VezzettiDepartment of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.
Massimo FasolisDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Torino, Italy.
Guglielmo RamieriDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Torino, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: In recent years, the growing adoption of Virtual Reality (VR) and 3D printing technologies has revolutionized surgical training by providing innovative opportunities for hands-on education. This study investigates the combined use of VR and 3D printed personalized anatomical models and cutting guides within the field of oral and maxillofacial oncologic surgery.Materials and methods: A mandibular tumour case was developed using the proposed approach, integrating both virtual and physical tools. Feedback was gathered from twelve surgical residents regarding their understanding of the case, the effectiveness of the immersive and three-dimensional technologies, and their overall satisfaction with the training experience. Results: Participants reported enhanced comprehension of complex surgical scenarios and valued the practical utility of the VR simulator combined with 3D printed models. The immersive environment facilitated skill acquisition in a risk-free setting. Conclusion: The findings underscore the significant added value of integrating VR and 3D printing technologies in surgical training, preparation, and simulation. This approach offers a safe, effective training platform that improves readiness for complex procedures in oncologic surgery and has the potential to be extended to other branches of maxillofacial surgery.

Indexed as

fibula free flapmandibular reconstructionmaxillofacial surgerysurgical educationthree-dimensional printinguser-centered designvirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID41584595
PMCPMC12823893

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.