Machine learning models based on log odds of positive lymph nodes for predicting survival in T

Background: Although early gastric cancer (EGC) is generally limited to the mucosal and submucosal layers, lymph node metastasis can still occur, which may worsen the prognosis, particularly when the number of examined lymph nodes (ELNs) is inadequate. This study introduces log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) as a prognostic factor and integrates it with machine learning to improve survival predictions in T Methods: This retrospective study used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and an independent validation cohort from the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital First Medical Center. Predictive factors were selected using LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression. Cox proportional-hazards (CoxPH), random survival forest (RSF), and XGBoost models were developed to predict overall survival (OS). Model interpretability and feature importance were evaluated using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method. Results: A total of 419 T Conclusions: Integrating LODDS staging into the RSF model, alongside other clinical features, provides a highly accurate tool for survival prediction in T