Assessment of phylogenetic informativeness in mitochondrial and nuclear genes for mammalian systematics using sparse learning.

Despite the growing availability of nuclear genomic data, mitochondrial genes remain the most widely used molecular markers in mammalian systematics. However, a quantitative assessment of the phylogenetic information content of mitochondrial loci compared to nuclear loci has never been carried out. Here, we apply a sparse learning approach based on Lasso regression to evaluate the contribution of alignment sites to phylogenetic likelihoods, providing the first estimates of phylogenetically effective lengths for markers commonly used in mammalian systematics. Analyzing more than 30,000 complete mammalian mitochondrial genomes and nuclear panels composed of either 100 randomly selected complete coding sequences or of partial gene segments from conventional markers, we examined phylogenetic informativeness at two taxonomic levels: within-species and among-species. On average, ∼32% of mitochondrial sites and ∼38% of nuclear sites were classified as phylogenetically informative. We found that the number of phylogenetically informative sites were positively correlated with total gene length. Therefore, longer mitochondrial genes, particularly