ArticleResuscitation plus2026
Does out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival differ by EMS agency type in the U.S.? Insights from the CARES registry.
Article in Resuscitation plus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: There are limited data on whether out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival differs by emergency medical service (EMS) agency type in the U.S. Methods: Within the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival, we surveyed participating EMS agencies with ≥20 OHCA annually during 2015-2019. Agencies were categorized as fire-based, private, government-based, or other (including hospital-based). Using hierarchical logistic regression, we computed the risk-standardized survival rate (RSSR) to hospital admission and discharge for each EMS agency and examined for differences in RSSR across agency types. Results: Of 577 eligible EMS agencies, 470 (81.5 %) completed the survey. Overall, 40.0 % of agencies were fire-based, 35.0 % were private, 17.3 % were government-based, and 7.7 % were other. Mean agency-level RSSR to hospital admission was 27.8 % ± 3.6 % and was highest in fire-based EMS agencies (28.9 %) and lowest in agencies that were private or other (26.8 %; Conclusions: In the U.S., OHCAs attended by fire-based agencies were associated with modestly higher rates of survival to hospital admission compared to OHCAs attended by other EMS agency types. Several resuscitation practices differed by EMS agency type.
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