Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41583568›Full record

ReviewReumatologia2025

Infrared thermography for the diagnosis and monitoring of Raynaud's phenomenon: current evidence and future directions.

Harshwardhan Patil, I N Monisha, M S Mallikarjunaswamy, P Praveen, M S Sowmya, M Nidhish Chandra, Mahabaleshwar Mamadapur

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Reumatologia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Harshwardhan PatilDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2000-7924
I N MonishaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8174-2180
M S MallikarjunaswamyDepartment of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9859-6727
P PraveenDepartment of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3856-4093
M S SowmyaDepartment of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9181-0212
M Nidhish ChandraDepartment of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4626-5245
Mahabaleshwar MamadapurDepartment of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7421-2418

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a vasospastic disorder classified into primary (PRP) and secondary (SRP) forms. Infrared thermography (IRT), a non-invasive imaging technique assessing skin surface temperature, has emerged as a valuable tool in evaluating microvascular dysfunction in RP. This review analyzed literature from 2010 to 2025 across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase using key words including "Raynaud's phenomenon," "infrared thermography," and "cold provocation test." Studies focusing on diagnostic accuracy, differentiation of PRP from SRP, and monitoring treatment response were included. Infrared thermography demonstrates strong sensitivity and specificity, especially through parameters such as distal-dorsal temperature difference and rewarming kinetics. It offers a comfortable, reproducible alternative to traditional methods such as the finger systolic pressure test. However, lack of standardized imaging protocols and equipment variability limit its widespread use. Advancements in device calibration, artificial intelligence integration, and protocol harmonization could enhance IRT's clinical utility in diagnosing and monitoring RP.

Indexed as

cold provocation testdistal-dorsal differenceinfrared thermographyprimary Raynaud’sRaynaud’s phenomenonsecondary Raynaud’ssystemic sclerosisvascular imaging

Identifiers

PMID41583568
PMCPMC12825000

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.