Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41583493›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025

Enhancing the tumoricidal efficacy of the nanobubbles-mediated PD-L1 inhibition and immunogenic cell death in mice.

Yun Liu, Jiaxuan Han, Chaoqi Liu, Yezi Chen, Shiqi Yang, Yao Ma, Chang Zhou, Rong Liu, Yu Hu, Yun Zhao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yun Liu *Department of Ultrasound Imaging, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University&Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China.
Jiaxuan Han *Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
Chaoqi LiuMedical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
Yezi ChenMedical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
Shiqi YangMedical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
Yao MaDepartment of Ultrasound Imaging, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University&Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China.
Chang ZhouDepartment of Ultrasound Imaging, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University&Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China.
Rong LiuDepartment of Ultrasound Imaging, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University&Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China.
Yu HuMedical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
Yun ZhaoMedical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Immunotherapy becoming the focus of contemporary multidisciplinary collaborative research efforts towards advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Objective: This study aims to develop a nanobubble (NB) delivery system designed to co-administer an immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducer, Shikonin (SK), alongside an immune checkpoint inhibitor, miR-497-5p, to enhance the efficacy of the immune response against liver cancer. Methods: NBs were synthesized through thin-film hydration and mechanical oscillation techniques to encapsulate miR-497 and SK. Comprehensive characterization and pharmacokinetic analyses of the miR-497/SK-loaded NBs were conducted both Results: The miR-497/SK-NBs demonstrated an optimal morphology and size, as well as excellent gene capacity and SK encapsulation. The Conclusions: The study demonstrated that miR-497/SK-loaded nanobubbles simultaneously boosts ICD and blocks the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in immunotherapy. This finding offers a theoretical foundation for the effective eradication of tumor cells and the development of a highly efficient synergistic treatment strategy for HCC.

Indexed as

B7-H1 AntigenCarcinoma, HepatocellularImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunogenic Cell DeathLiver NeoplasmsMicroRNAsNaphthoquinonesAnimalsCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansImmunotherapyMiceB7-H1 AntigenCd274 protein, mouseImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsMicroRNAsNaphthoquinonesshikoninanti-tumor immunotherapyICDMiR-497nanobubblesPD-L1Shikonin

Identifiers

PMID41583493
PMCPMC12827793

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.