Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41583464›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025

Viral glycoprotein-mediated entry and antibody-mediated immunity in HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Michael W Grunst, Wenwei Li, Walther Mothes

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Michael W GrunstDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
Wenwei LiDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
Walther MothesDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.

Funding

Structure and Dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike ProteinR01AI163395 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI MOTHES, WALTHER H · 2021 to 2025
$4.1M
Predoctoral Training Program in VirologyT32AI055403 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI KUMAR, PRITI, MOTHES, WALTHER H · 2003 to 2024
$3.6M
HIV-1 Env protein structure and function assessed by parallel smFRET and cryoETR37AI150560 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI WALTHER H MOTHES · 2023 to 2026
$3.2M
HIV-1 Fusion on Native Membranes Captured by Cryo-Electron TomographyR01AI194920 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Wenwei Li · 2025 to 2026
$1.2M
In situ structures of SARS-CoV-2 Spike fusion intermediates and Spike-antibody-Fc receptor complexesF31AI176650 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI GRUNST, MICHAEL WILLIAM · 2024 to 2025
$74k
NIAID NIH HHS F31 AI176650NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI163395NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI194920NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI150560NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI055403
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Enveloped viruses such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have caused some of the deadliest pandemics in human history. These viruses utilize Class 1 viral fusion glycoproteins to bind their host receptor and subsequently fuse the virus and host cell membranes to mediate entry. Viral fusion glycoproteins are prominent antigens on the surface of virions and are essential for the virus life cycle. Therefore, they are a primary target for the humoral immune system and the basis for the design of vaccines. Antibodies which target viral fusion glycoproteins can neutralize viral infectivity and activate the immune system in several distinct ways. In this review, we compare mechanisms of how class 1 viral fusion glycoproteins mediate viral entry and cover diverse ways in which antibodies targeting these glycoproteins can neutralize viruses and activate the immune system to clear virus-infected cells.

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralCOVID-19HIV-1HIV InfectionsSARS-CoV-2Viral Fusion ProteinsVirus InternalizationAnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingHumansAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralViral Fusion ProteinsFc-mediated immune effector functionsHIV-1neutralizing antibodiesSARS-CoV-2virus entry

Identifiers

PMID41583464
PMCPMC12827527

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.