ReviewCureus2025
The Bidirectional Relationship Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Asthma in Pediatric and Adult Populations: A Systematic Review.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and asthma are prevalent chronic conditions with a well-documented but complex bidirectional relationship. While previous studies have explored their association, a comprehensive synthesis of evidence across pediatric and adult populations is lacking. This systematic review examines the bidirectional relationship between GERD and asthma, focusing on epidemiological, mechanistic, and clinical aspects. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct. Eight studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, Mendelian randomization (MR), and bioinformatics analyses) were included after screening 329 records. Data were extracted on study design, population, diagnostic criteria, and key findings. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Mendelian Randomization Quality (MR-Q) tool. Evidence supports a bidirectional association, with GERD increasing asthma risk (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.21-2.18) and asthma elevating GERD risk (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.54). MR confirmed genetic pleiotropy (OR 1.21 for GERD → asthma; OR 1.06 for asthma → GERD). Mechanistically, microaspiration, vagal reflexes, and shared pathways (e.g., renin-angiotensin system) were implicated. Pediatric studies highlighted GERD's role in poor asthma control, including increased nocturnal symptoms. However, heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria (ICD codes vs. endoscopy) and residual confounding (e.g., obesity) were limitations. GERD and asthma exhibit a bidirectional relationship driven by genetic, neural, and inflammatory mechanisms. Future research should prioritize randomized trials on combined therapies and deeper exploration of the gut-lung axis. Standardized diagnostics and prospective designs are needed to clarify causal pathways.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.