Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41582623›Full record

Trial reportJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2026

Improving child mental health and learning outcomes and reducing stigma and discrimination in conflict setting: findings from a cluster randomized controlled trial of a classroom-based psychosocial intervention in rural primary schools in Afghanistan.

Jean-Francois Trani, Yiqi Zhu, Saria Bechara, Shuya Yin, Parul Bakhshi, Ian Kaplan, Ramkrishna K Singh, Mohammed A Modaber, Hashim Rawab, Madelyn Yoo and 3 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jean-Francois TraniSchool of Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9187-0946
Yiqi ZhuDepartment of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Saria BecharaSchool of Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Shuya YinSchool of Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Parul BakhshiOccupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Ian KaplanNorwegian Afghanistan Committee, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Ramkrishna K SinghDepartment of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9022-2317
Mohammed A ModaberNorwegian Afghanistan Committee, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Hashim RawabNorwegian Afghanistan Committee, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Madelyn YooOccupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Kim Thuy SeelingerSchool of Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Ganesh M BabulalDepartment of Psychology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Ramesh RaghavanSilver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, USA.

Funding

Economic and Social Research Council ES/P005799/1Norwegian Agency for Development
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundConflict and crises have long-lasting and dramatic consequences on the mental health of children. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention on child mental health in Afghanistan.

methodsA two-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 83 rural primary schools within three provinces of Afghanistan. Children in Grades 3-6, their teachers, and one adult family member were enrolled. Schools were randomly assigned (1:1) to one of two groups: a treatment group composed of entire classes receiving a week-long classroom-based teacher-and-child psychosocial training, a one-day family engagement component, and a community-based system dynamics workshop; and a control group. Primary outcomes were anxiety, depression, life skills, self-efficacy, and resilience of the child. Secondary outcomes included reading and mathematical literacy, mathematical problem-solving, and school-based discrimination and stigma. This trial is registered with the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trials Number registry (ISRCTN83632872).

resultsIn June 2021, 40 schools and n = 2,262 children were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 43 schools and n = 2,277 children to the control group. Preintervention survey started October 2, 2021 (first batch) and April 10

conclusionsClassroom-based interventions delivered by trained field-based educational staff can effectively promote child mental health, social-emotional skills, and academic outcomes, and reduce stigma and discrimination among subgroups of children in conflict and crisis settings and have viable potential for scalability.

Indexed as

AnxietyDepressionOutcome Assessment, Health CarePsychosocial InterventionResilience, PsychologicalSelf EfficacySocial StigmaAfghanistanChildFemaleHumansMaleRural PopulationSchoolsAfghanistanchildren mental healthclassroom‐based psychosocial interventionrandomized controlled trial

Identifiers

PMID41582623
PMCPMC13265634

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.