Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41582527›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2026

Sex Hormones and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Cohort Study of the Look AHEAD Trial.

Teresa Gisinger, Jiahuan Helen He, Chigolum P Oyeka, Jianqiao Ma, Nityasree Srialluri, Mark Woodward, Erin D Michos, Rita R Kalyani, Jeanne M Clark, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Teresa GisingerDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-8819-4425
Jiahuan Helen HeThe Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Chigolum P OyekaThe Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Jianqiao MaDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Nityasree SrialluriDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Mark WoodwardThe George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K.
Erin D MichosThe Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Rita R KalyaniDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Jeanne M ClarkThe Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Alexandra Kautzky-WillerDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Dhananjay VaidyaDivision of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Wendy L BennettThe Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0001-9828-0706

Funding

Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases R01DK127222Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases U01DK57149
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate the association of sex hormones at baseline and 1 year after a lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular (CV) risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsThis prospective study, following the Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial, of 2,260 adults with T2D, included measurements of sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Baseline levels and 1-year changes were divided into sex-specific tertiles to assess the association with CV events (n = 488 events) and weight loss interactions.

resultsIn men, higher baseline total testosterone was associated with lower CV risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.74; 95% CI 0.56-0.97). In men with ≥7% weight loss, SHBG increases were inversely associated with CV risk (HR = 0.47; 95% CI 0.26-0.85). In men with <7% weight loss, increases in estradiol were associated with CV risk (second vs. first estradiol tertile: HR = 1.64 [95% CI 1.13-2.38]; third vs. first estradiol tertile: HR = 1.88 [95% CI 1.29-2.73]). No associations were detected in women.

conclusionsIn men with T2D, but not women with T2D, sex hormones were associated with CV events.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Gonadal Steroid HormonesAgedEstradiolFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesSex Hormone-Binding GlobulinTestosteroneWeight LossEstradiolGonadal Steroid HormonesSex Hormone-Binding GlobulinTestosterone

Identifiers

PMID41582527
PMCPMC12925976

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.