Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41582105›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Interest in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use and associated factors among people who inject drugs in Iran: a nationwide survey in 2023.

Hossein Moameri, Soheil Mehmandoost, Fatemeh Tavakoli, Maliheh Sadat Bazrafshani, Naser Nasiri, Hossein Mirzaei, Nasrin Sadidi, Mehrdad Khezri, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Ali Mirzazadeh and 4 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Hossein MoameriDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
Soheil MehmandoostHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Fatemeh TavakoliHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Maliheh Sadat BazrafshaniHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Naser NasiriHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Hossein MirzaeiHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Nasrin SadidiHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Mehrdad KhezriHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Ali Akbar HaghdoostHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Ali MirzazadehDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Willi McFarlandDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Mahkameh RafieeHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Mohammad KaramouzianDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Hamid SharifiHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. sharifihami@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing HIV incidence, this intervention is inaccessible in Iran. We examined the interest in using PrEP and associated factors among people who inject drugs (PWID) in 2023 using data from 2,174 PWID. The main outcome was interest in using PrEP, which was divided into three categories: interest in using PrEP under any circumstances, interest in using PrEP if provided for free, and no interest in using PrEP. We found that 37.9% of PWID were interested in using PrEP under any circumstances, 48.3% were interested in using PrEP if provided for free, and 13.8% were not interested in using PrEP. Additionally, only 7.7% of participants reported prior awareness of PrEP. Having high school or more education (adjusted relative risk ratios [ARRR]: 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42, 2.61), having access to opioid agonist treatment (OAT) in the last six months (ARRR: 1.59; 1.13, 2.25), and having sufficient HIV knowledge (ARRR: 2.87; 2.03, 4.06) were positively associated with interest in using PrEP under any circumstances. Similarly, having high school or more education (ARRR: 1.50; 1.10, 2.04), having access to OAT in the last six months (ARRR: 2.63; 1.88, 3.67), and having sufficient HIV knowledge (ARRR: 4.53; 3.23, 6.37) were associated with interest in using PrEP if provided for free. Health insurance was negatively associated with interest in using PrEP under any circumstances (ARRR: 0.64; 0.47, 0.87) and with interest in using PrEP if provided for free (ARRR: 0.33; 0.23, 0.45). The findings show a strong potential for PrEP acceptance, indicating that addressing financial and logistical barriers to free PrEP access could greatly reduce HIV incidence among PWID in Iran.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsPre-Exposure ProphylaxisSubstance Abuse, IntravenousAdultAnti-HIV AgentsFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansIranMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesAnti-HIV AgentsHarm reductionHIV infection IranPeople who inject drugsPre-exposure prophylaxis

Identifiers

PMID41582105
PMCPMC12905403

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.