Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41582101›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Amplicon sequencing with Oxford nanopore technologies as a diagnostic alternative for small ruminant lentiviruses in sheep.

Magdalena Serrano, Carmen González, Rosa Roy, Almudena Fernández, Juan José Arranz, Jorge Hugo Calvo, Mª Ángeles Jiménez, Fernando Puente-Sánchez

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Magdalena SerranoDepartamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. de La Coruña km 7,5, 28040, Madrid, Spain. malena@inia.csic.es.
Carmen GonzálezDepartamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. de La Coruña km 7,5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Rosa RoyDepartamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
Almudena FernándezDepartamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. de La Coruña km 7,5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Juan José ArranzDepartamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24007, Leon, Spain.
Jorge Hugo CalvoARAID-Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Av. de Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain.
Mª Ángeles JiménezDepartamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. de La Coruña km 7,5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Fernando Puente-SánchezDepartment of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In Europe, Maedi-Visna disease has high prevalence rates at the individual and flock levels, respectively, and is regarded as one of the most significant infectious disease in sheep. The lack of treatment or a commercial vaccine underscores the need for accurate and reliable diagnostic tools to support control programs. Conventional methods, including ELISA and qPCR, provide useful but incomplete information due to the genetic variability of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) and the heterogeneous host immune response. In this work, third-generation sequencing was assessed as a diagnostic strategy, focusing on Oxford Nanopore Technologies amplicon sequencing of different regions of the virus genome. DNA from whole blood, PBMCs, semen, and nasal mucosa of 44 rams previously tested for Maedi-Visna virus by ELISA was used to generate amplicons of the gag, pol, and p25 genes. Sequencing showed that blood DNA was the most reliable source for SRLVs detection by Nanopore, despite the low proportion of monocytes present in this medium. Compared with conventional approaches, Nanopore sequencing reduced the proportion of false negatives observed with ELISA (42%) and qPCR (77%). These results highlight Nanopore amplicon sequencing as a promising diagnostic alternative, combining epidemiological relevance with technological innovation to enhance SRLVs detection and strengthen control strategies for sustainable disease management.

Indexed as

LentivirusLentivirus InfectionsNanopore SequencingPneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of SheepSheep DiseasesVisna-maedi virusAnimalsDNA, ViralEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingSheepDNA, ViralONT-Nanopore sequencingPCR ampliconsSRLV diagnosis

Identifiers

PMID41582101
PMCPMC12905341

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.