ArticleIndian journal of ophthalmology2026
Low-volume multiplex solid-phase PCR without DNA extraction for etiological diagnosis of infectious uveitis.
Article in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the usefulness of a low-volume multiplex direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in identifying pathogens in intraocular fluid in infectious uveitis.
designProspective interventional non-comparative study.
methodsAt a tertiary hospital, the study included 57 participants with active and presumed infectious uveitis and 47 controls (24 active and presumed non-infectious uveitis and 23 non-uveitic conditions). Among the presumed infectious uveitis, there were anterior (38.6%), posterior (19.3%) herpetic uveitis, ocular toxoplasmosis (35.1%), and others (7.0%). Samples (20 µL; 98 aqueous/6 vitreous humors) were analyzed by multiplex direct-strip PCR. It detected six herpesviruses, human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), Treponema pallidum, and Toxoplasma gondii.
resultsPCR positivity was 35.1%, with detection of herpesviruses [Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), n = 3; cytomegalovirus, n = 2; human herpesvirus 6, n = 2; human herpes virus 1, human herpesvirus 2, varicella zoster virus (VZV), n = 1 for each], T. gondii (n = 9), and T. pallidum and HTLV-I/II in one sample each. All EBV-positive cases had another primary diagnosis (toxoplasmosis or VZV retinitis). Four presumed herpetic infectious uveitis cases turned out to be non-infectious uveitis, including one intraocular lymphoma diagnosis. Presumed posterior herpetic uveitis (n = 3) and ocular syphilis (n = 1) turned out to be ocular toxoplasmosis, whereas one presumed ocular toxoplasmosis turned out to be posterior herpetic uveitis. PCR changed the initial diagnoses in 17.5% of cases. All control samples were PCR-negative.
conclusionsDirect-strip PCR may contribute to identifying the etiology of infectious uveitis by using limited sample volumes, no DNA extraction step, with rapid results and testing simultaneously for multiple pathogens.
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