ArticleInjury epidemiology2026
Gang membership, firearm victimization, and mental health in a national sample of U.S. adults.
Article in Injury epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFirearm violence in the United States is highly concentrated within specific demographic, economic, geographic, and social population groups. Prior research indicates elevated violence exposure among gang-involved individuals, but the extent and mental health implications of firearm victimization at the national level remain poorly understood.
methodsWe analyzed data from a national online survey of 10,000 U.S. adults fielded in 2024. Respondents self-reported lifetime gang membership and lifetime exposure to five forms of firearm victimization: presence at a mass shooting, gun threats, being shot at without injury, accidental gunshot injury, and intentional gunshot injury. Weighted descriptive statistics compared prevalence by lifetime gang status. Multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios controlling for several covariates. Among victims of firearm violence, self-reported psychological impacts, including anxiety, fear, depression, panic attacks, and post-traumatic stress symptoms, were assessed.
resultsPeople with a history of gang involvement reported substantially higher lifetime exposure to all forms of firearm victimization. After adjustment, gang involvement was associated with 2-4 times greater odds of firearm exposure across outcomes. Psychological impacts following firearm victimization were prevalent in both gang and non-gang groups. Differences in reported mental health impacts by gang status were generally modest, with relatively few statistically significant differences in adjusted models.
conclusionsFirearm victimization is highly concentrated among people with a history of gang involvement, and such exposure is associated with substantial psychological distress. Mental health impacts were broadly similar across gang-involved and non-gang victims. These findings highlight the importance of recognizing gang-involved adults as a population with disproportionate exposure to firearm violence and significant trauma-related needs within a public health framework.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.