Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41580746›Full record

ArticleGlobalization and health2026

From ground realities to policy: a framework for assessing multipolar health system governance in conflict-affected and high-risk areas.

Munzer Alkhalil, Zedoun Alzoubi, Salah Safadi, Aula Abbara, Abdulkarim Ekzayez, Alvaro Alonso Garbayo, Karl Blanchet, Paul Spiegel, Sameen Siddiqi

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Article in Globalization and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Munzer Alkhalil *The Centre for Conflict & Health Research (CCHR), King's College London, 193 Hercules Road, London, SE1 7LD, UK. d.monzerk@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-2156-8802
Zedoun Alzoubi *Union for Medical and Relief Organisations, Gaziantep, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0003-4671-7106
Salah SafadiMinistry of Health, Damascus, Syria.ORCID 0000-0002-9611-1586
Aula AbbaraSyria Public Health Network, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7049-8399
Abdulkarim EkzayezThe Centre for Conflict & Health Research (CCHR), King's College London, 193 Hercules Road, London, SE1 7LD, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2104-3363
Alvaro Alonso GarbayoIndependent Researcher, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4120-1541
Karl BlanchetGeneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-0498-8020
Paul Spiegel *Center for Humanitarian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6158-6661
Sameen Siddiqi *Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0001-8289-0964

Funding

David Nott Foundation DNF-BBS-2025-01National Institute for Health and Care Research 131207
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionUnderstanding and evaluating health system governance is essential for resilient health systems. This study develops a framework to analyse health system governance in conflict-affected and high-risk areas, including fragmented systems.

methodsThe methodology adopts a qualitative multi-faceted approach, encompassing five methods: consultations with experts, thematic analysis of existing health system governance frameworks, focus group discussions, interviews with key informants, and reflections from primary authors during fieldwork. The discussion centred on examples primarily drawn from northwest Syria throughout the conflict (2011-2024).

findingsExisting health system governance frameworks are less relevant in conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The authors developed a new institutional framework by adding more dimensions to well-known principle-based frameworks, such as Siddiqi et al., to address the complexities imposed by conflicts. The framework has a descriptive part that includes power dynamics (types and dimensions) and stakeholders' traditional and non-traditional roles and responsibilities. Additionally, it has an evaluative part that includes eleven principles: strategic vision; participation and consensus orientation; rule of law and ethics; intelligence and conflict-sensitive transparency; responsiveness; equity and inclusiveness; effectiveness and efficiency; complex accountability; complementarity; localisation; and legitimacy.

conclusionThe proposed framework can deal with fragmented health systems characterised by multipolar health systems. It is typically applicable in conflict-affected and high-risk areas. It provides policymakers with a structured approach to describing and evaluating health system governance.

Indexed as

Armed ConflictsDelivery of Health CareHealth PolicyFocus GroupsHumansQualitative ResearchSyriaConflictsFragileFrameworkHealth system governanceLegitimacyMultipolarityPower dynamicsPrinciples

Identifiers

PMID41580746
PMCPMC12903228

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.