Trial reportBMC medical education2026
Application of renal pathology three-dimensional animation in clinical clerkship teaching for medical students: a randomized-controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC medical education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The trial behind it
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTeaching renal pathology, characterized by complex spatial relationships and dynamic pathological processes, poses significant challenges. Traditional methods such as static slides often fail to convey these concepts effectively. This study evaluated the efficacy of custom-developed renal pathology three-dimensional (3D) animations in enhancing learning outcomes and satisfaction during students’ internal medicine clerkships in nephrology.
methodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted. 93 students undertaking nephrology clerkships were randomly assigned 1:1 to either a conventional teaching group or a 3D animation group (intervention group). The intervention group utilized specifically developed 3D animations depicting renal microstructure and the dynamic progression of common pathologies. Teaching effectiveness was assessed via pre- and post-teaching written examinations. Student and faculty satisfaction with the 3D animations was evaluated using 5-point scale questionnaires.
resultsBaseline knowledge scores were comparable between groups. Post-teaching scores were significantly higher in the 3D animation group, representing a greater score improvement (34.5 ± 34.8 vs. 19.1 ± 32.4, p = 0.03). Over 95% of students in 3D animation group rated the 3D animations superior to traditional slides for vividness and conceptual understanding, 89% reported increased learning initiative and outcomes. Faculty unanimously agreed animations improved structural explanation clarity and student attentiveness.
conclusionsIncorporating 3D renal pathology animations significantly improved knowledge acquisition and achieved exceptionally high satisfaction among students and faculty during internal medicine clerkships. This approach effectively addresses traditional teaching difficulties in renal pathology, enhances engagement, and promotes self-directed learning. It offers a valuable model for teaching complex spatial and dynamic biomedical concepts in medical education.
trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2500112643, 2025-11-18, retrospective registration.
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