Trial reportApplied microbiology and biotechnology2026
Oxygen-driven nebulization of Clostridium butyricum prevents drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia.
Trial report in Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Systematic Review of Antimicrobial Therapies and Clinical Outcomes inLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the efficacy of inhaled Clostridium butyricum delivered via oxygen-driven nebulization with oral C. butyricum capsules in preventing drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia, using clinical and microbiological parameters as indicators. A total of 310 patients were randomly assigned to experimental group and control group. In the experimental group, each participant inhaled C. butyricum via oxygen-driven nebulization and orally took a placebo capsule containing glucose powder. In the control group, each participant inhaled sterile water via oxygen-driven nebulization and orally took a C. butyricum capsule daily. Key outcomes included body temperature, white blood cell (WBC) count, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level, chest X ray findings, tracheal tube secretion status, and sputum cultures for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ESBL-producing Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The incidence of pneumonia was 46.45% (72/155) in the control group, compared to only 1.97% (3/152) in the experimental group (relative risk = 23.54, 95%CI: 7.58-73.08). The experiment group demonstrated significant improvements in clinical parameters, including reduced body temperature, lower WBC counts, and decreased hs-CRP level. Chest X-ray findings and tracheal tube secretion status also improved more markedly in the experiment group. Microbiological analysis revealed a significant reduction in the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in sputum cultures from the experiment group. In conclusion, inhaled C. butyricum delivered via oxygen-driven nebulization appears to be more effective than oral C. butyricum capsules in preventing drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia. These findings suggest that direct delivery of C. butyricum to the respiratory tract via oxygen-driven nebulization may enhance its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, offering a promising strategy for prevention of drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia. KEY POINTS: • Oxygen-driven nebulization of C. butyricum improved the clinical parameters. • Oxygen-driven nebulization of C. butyricum improved tracheal tube secretion status. • Oxygen-driven nebulization of C. butyricum reduced pathogenic bacteria production.
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