Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41580419›Full record

ArticleNPJ vaccines2026

Live-attenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine engineered by codon deoptimization induces a strong protective immune response in cattle.

Sarah E Attreed, Christina Silva, Monica Rodriguez-Calzada, Ryan D Heimroth, Michael Oldakowski, Carolina Stenfeldt, Paul Azzinaro, Edward Spinard, Aishwarya Mogulothu, Steffen Mueller and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Sarah E AttreedPlum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA.
Christina SilvaPlum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA.
Monica Rodriguez-CalzadaPlum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA.
Ryan D HeimrothPlum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA.
Michael OldakowskiPlum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA.
Carolina StenfeldtPlum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA.
Paul AzzinaroPlum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA.
Edward SpinardPlum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA.
Aishwarya MogulothuPlum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA.
Steffen MuellerCodagenix, Farmingdale, NY, USA.
Bruce TaillonCodagenix, Farmingdale, NY, USA.
Jonathan ArztPlum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA.
Elizabeth RiederPlum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA.
Teresa de Los SantosPlum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA. Teresa.delossantos@usda.gov.
Fayna Díaz-San SegundoPlum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA. fayna.diazsansegundo@nih.gov.
Gisselle N MedinaPlum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA. gisselle.medina@usda.gov.

Funding

Codagenix 58-8064-2-012U.S. Department of Agriculture 3022-505-064-00D
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a fast-spreading, economically devastating veterinary viral disease. While inactivated vaccines have contributed to FMD control worldwide, recent outbreaks in Europe and Asia highlight the need for new control strategies. Live-attenuated virus (LAV) vaccines provide strong and long-lasting protection. We previously demonstrated that deoptimization of various viral coding regions results in attenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Here, an FMDV A24Cruzeiro LAV with codon deoptimized P2/P3 regions (A24-P2/P3Deopt) and markers differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) was tested for safety/efficacy in cattle. Animals inoculated intradermolingually (IDL) with 10

Identifiers

PMID41580419
PMCPMC12894751

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.