Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41580256›Full record

ArticleJournal of biomedical informatics2026

On the transfer learning behavior of domain-specific vision-language models in screening mammography.

Aisha Urooj Khan, Gokul Ramasamy, Muhammad Danish Khan, John Garrett, Tyler Bradshaw, Lonie Salkowski, Imon Banerjee

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of biomedical informatics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Aisha Urooj KhanAI Innovation Hub, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA. Electronic address: aishaurooj@gmail.com.
Gokul RamasamyAI Innovation Hub, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA; School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA. Electronic address: Ramasamy.Gokul@mayo.edu.
Muhammad Danish KhanDepartment of Computer Science, Bahria University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Electronic address: muhammaddanishkhan.bukc@bahria.edu.pk.
John GarrettRadiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: JGarrett@uwhealth.org.
Tyler BradshawRadiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: TBradshaw@uwhealth.org.
Lonie SalkowskiRadiology, UW Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: LSalkowski@uwhealth.org.
Imon BanerjeeAI Innovation Hub, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA; School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA. Electronic address: Banerjee.Imon@mayo.edu.

Funding

Flexible NLP toolkit for automatic curation of outcomes for breast cancer patientsU01CA269264 · NCI · MAYO CLINIC ARIZONA · PI Imon Banerjee, Theresa H M Keegan · 2022 to 2026
$2.3M
Defining and Optimizing Critical Interpretation Skills in Screening Mammography to Improve Cancer DetectionR37CA262110 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Lonie Salkowski · 2022 to 2026
$2.1M
NCI NIH HHS R37 CA262110NCI NIH HHS U01 CA269264
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vision-Language models have shown remarkable performance for natural images and text. Given the homology of the anatomy, high gray-scale image dimension, and the unbalanced datasets, the traditional VLMs do not adapt well to radiological applications. In this work, we empirically adapted image encoder trained within domain-specific VLMs to be applied in two downstream tasks for 2D mammogram image analysis: tissue density estimation and BI-RADS prediction. We study the transfer learning behavior using linear probing, fine-tuning, and online self distillation. We analyze that knowledge driven domain-specific VLM backbones with frozen weights perform better than MammoClip VLM model as well as supervised baselines such as ViT and CNNs even with only 5% of training data. Generalization capabilities are further studied of these models on two external datasets.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsMammographyTransfer Machine LearningAlgorithmsConvolutional Neural NetworksDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedBI-RADSCancer screeningScreening mammogramVLM

Identifiers

PMID41580256
PMCPMC12991508

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.