ArticleJournal of medical virology2026
Rhinovirus Infects B and CD4 T Lymphocytes in Hypertrophic Tonsils in Children.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Rhinovirus Infects B and CD4 T Lymphocytes in Hypertrophic Tonsils in Children.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Prolonged detection of rhinovirus (RV) in secretions after a typical cold and asymptomatic shedding are frequently reported. Although RV has been detected in human hypertrophic tonsils, its replicative status and host cell range remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed RV replication, infected cell types, and recovery of infectious virus in adenoids, palatine tonsils, and respiratory secretions from 293 children with tonsillar hypertrophy undergoing tonsillectomy. Samples were screened by real-time RT-PCR, and RV-positive samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC), chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), flow cytometry, and RV isolation in cell culture. RV genotypes from species A, B, and C were identified in adenotonsillar samples. RV antigenome and structural proteins were detected in tonsillar epithelial surfaces, parenchyma, and in CD4 + T and B lymphocytes. Infectious RV was recovered from adenoids and respiratory secretions. In vitro infection of tonsillar mononuclear cells with RV-16 and RV-1A resulted in viral progeny production and secretion of distinct cytokine profiles. These findings demonstrate that RV infects tonsillar T and B lymphocytes, suggesting that tonsils can serve as sites of prolonged infection and sources of RV shedding. RV infection of immune cells may have potential impact on the local immune microenvironment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.