SynthesisDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2026
The use of diabetes technology under aviation conditions: A systematic review of human and in-vitro studies and future considerations.
Synthesis in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Technology in Diabetes: A Year in Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- Advances in continuous glucose monitoring and their impact on glycemic control in diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite advancements in diabetes management technologies, restrictions on insulin-treated pilots persist, underscoring the need to evaluate the safety, efficacy and performance of these technologies in aviation settings. This systematic review aims to summarize the available evidence on the performance, safety and effectiveness of diabetes technologies in aviation settings. MATERIALS: Four bibliographic databases were searched, and eligible studies assessing diabetes technologies in-flight or simulated aviation conditions, focusing on glycaemic control and safety, were included. Due to high heterogeneity among the included studies, a qualitative synthesis of the evidence was performed. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42025634909).
resultsOut of 522 references, six human and in-vitro studies were included for final analysis. Human studies demonstrated the high accuracy of continuous glucose monitors (CGM) and good glycaemic control with insulin pump therapy. Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems demonstrated effective glycaemic control and safety under hypobaric conditions. However, hypoglycaemia during extended fasting was noted. In-vitro studies highlighted risks, such as excess insulin delivery during ascent and reduced delivery during descent, influenced by pressure changes. CGMs exhibited minor signal variability in hypobaric conditions.
conclusionDiabetes technologies, particularly CGMs and AID systems, show promise in aviation environments. However, challenges such as insulin delivery variability, hypoglycaemia during fasting and the limited generalizability of hypobaric studies to real-flight conditions warrant further investigation. Future research should focus on larger, more diverse cohorts, real-world data, standardized protocols and a broader range of devices to further define the safety of their safety for aviation-specific diabetes management.
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Registered trials
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