SynthesisInternational breastfeeding journal2026
Effect of breastfeeding on the risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Synthesis in International breastfeeding journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Role of micronutrients, phytochemicals, and lipid metabolism in mammary gland development, lactation efficiency, and breast cancer risk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, with its incidence increasing, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Breastfeeding has been proposed as a modifiable protective factor, but conflicting evidence exists regarding the relationship between breastfeeding duration and breast cancer risk, warranting further investigation.
methodsThis meta-analysis, conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, included observational studies published in English between March 2014 and April 2024 and focused on case‒control and cohort studies. Literature searches were conducted via the EBSCO, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Studies were selected on the basis of the availability of odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), specifically analyses of the association between breastfeeding duration and breast cancer risk.
resultsA total of 23 case‒control studies were included in the analysis. Never breastfeeding was associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.72; I² = 84%). Breastfeeding for less than 12 months was associated with an even greater risk (OR: 3.59; 95% CI: 2.50, 5.18; I² = 31%) than breastfeeding for more than 11 months. Sensitivity analysis excluding three studies with inverse effects reduced heterogeneity (I² = 48%) and yielded a stronger association (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.49, 1.91).
conclusionThis meta-analysis supports the protective effect of extended breastfeeding against breast cancer, particularly for durations exceeding 11 months. These findings underscore the importance of promoting breastfeeding as an accessible and cost-effective preventive strategy, particularly in resource-constrained settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.