ArticleBMC nursing2026
The mediating role of innovative self-efficacy between transformational leadership and innovation performance among nurses in tertiary hospitals in China.
Article in BMC nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundNurses, as the leading providers of healthcare services and key practitioners of clinical innovation, play a crucial role in improving healthcare quality. High innovation performance among nurses enhances professional identity and work engagement and improves the quality of nursing services, ensures patient safety, and promotes the sustainable development of hospitals. However, there is limited evidence on how transformational leadership influences the innovation performance of nurses in tertiary hospitals. This study explores the mediating role of innovation self-efficacy between transformational leadership and innovation performance among nurses in tertiary hospitals in China.
methodsThis study is a cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling was used to survey 632 nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, from January to March 2025. A general information questionnaire, innovation performance scale, transformational leadership scale, and innovation self-efficacy scale were used for the survey. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software for descriptive, univariate, correlation, and multiple hierarchical regression analyses. The mediation effect analysis used Model 4 in the Process v4.1 plugin.
resultsThe mean score for nurses' innovation performance was (31.66 ± 3.60) points. Correlation analysis results showed that transformational leadership was positively correlated with innovation performance (r = 0.652, P < 0.01), transformational leadership was positively correlated with innovation self-efficacy (r = 0.717, P < 0.01), and innovation self-efficacy was positively correlated with innovation performance (r = 0.613, P < 0.01). The results of the mediation effect analysis showed that innovation self-efficacy mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and innovation performance, with an effect size of 0.131, accounting for 27.8% of the total effect.
conclusionNurses' innovation performance is moderately high, and innovation self-efficacy mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and innovation performance. This suggests that nursing managers should incorporate transformational leadership principles into their practices to enhance nurses' innovation self-efficacy, thereby further improving innovation performance levels. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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