ArticleBMC psychiatry2026
Associations between childhood trauma, emotional regulation, and self-esteem in predicting suicidal behaviour among adolescents in secondary schools in Lagos, Nigeria (SPREAD STUDY).
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAmong adolescents aged 10–19 years, suicide is the second leading cause of death. A large number of studies have found that suicidal behaviour is closely related to childhood trauma, and the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk may be influenced by emotional regulation and self-esteem. Most existing research has been conducted in Western, high-income countries, creating a significant gap in evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where most suicides occur. This study addresses that gap by investigating the associations between childhood trauma, emotion regulation, self-esteem, and suicidal behaviour among school adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria.
methodA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 school adolescents randomly selected across 10 secondary schools using multi-stage sampling. Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire–Revised (SBQ-r), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used to measure suicidal behaviour, childhood trauma, emotional regulation, and self-esteem, respectively. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the initial relationships among the main variables. Multivariate hierarchical logistic regression was done to identify predictors of school adolescent suicidal behaviour. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ .05.
resultWe found that 25.7% of participants had suicidal behaviour risk; being female adolescents and having a family history of suicide were significantly associated with suicidal behaviour (p = .001). Also, adolescent suicidal behaviour was significantly and positively correlated with childhood trauma (p < .0001) and with the expressive suppression facet of emotion regulation (p < .0001), respectively. Furthermore, childhood trauma accounted for an additional 15% of the variance in the adolescent suicidal behaviour risk model, while expressive suppression contributed an additional 2% of the variance, with both effects being statistically significant (p < .001).
conclusionIt highlights the urgent need to strengthen adolescent mental health initiatives that promote resilience, adaptive coping, and supportive social environments to reduce suicide risk in this vulnerable population. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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