ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2026
Clinical Spectrum and Outcomes of SOX1 Antibody-Associated Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes: A Chinese Cohort Study.
Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundSOX1 antibody-positive paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) exhibit significant population-specific clinical heterogeneity. While Western cohorts predominantly manifest Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (65%-80%), comprehensive clinical characterization and treatment response data in Asian populations remain critically limited.
methodsWe conducted a single-center retrospective case series analyzing 13 consecutive patients with SOX1 antibody-positive PNS treated at Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital from January 2019 to December 2024. SOX1 antibodies were confirmed using commercial immunoblot assay. Primary endpoints included treatment response (≥ 1-point improvement on modified Rankin Scale [mRS]) and functional recovery (mRS ≤ 2). Statistical analyses employed Fisher's exact tests and Mann-Whitney U tests.
resultsAmong 13 patients (median age 61 years [IQR 56-67], 53.8% female), neuropsychiatric presentations predominated, including seizures (46.2%) and psychiatric symptoms (30.8%), with combined neuropsychiatric manifestations occurring in 53.8% of patients. Co-existing neuronal antibodies were identified in 15.4% of cases (GABAB receptor, LGI1). Malignancy was confirmed in 30.8% of patients. Immunotherapy recipients (n = 7) demonstrated significantly superior functional outcomes compared to non-treated patients: median 3-month mRS 0 (IQR 0-0) versus 3 (IQR 3-3), p = 0.03. Treatment response rates were 85.7% versus 33.3% (p = 0.103).
conclusionsChinese patients with SOX1 antibody-positive PNS demonstrate a neuropsychiatric-predominant phenotype (53.8%), contrasting markedly with Western cohorts. Early immunotherapy administration was associated with superior functional outcomes (median 3-month mRS: 0 vs. 3, p = 0.03). These findings support comprehensive neuronal antibody profiling and early immunotherapy consideration in patients presenting with neuropsychiatric manifestations.
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