Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41577821›Full record

ArticleCommunications engineering2026

Cyber metasurface system for electromagnetic field closed-loop sensing and manipulation.

Xingqi Xuan, Bincai Wu, Yuqi Chen, Wangjie Cen, Yulin Zhou, Shilie Zheng, Xiaonan Hui, Xianmin Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xingqi XuanCollege of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9292-8062
Bincai WuCollege of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Yuqi ChenCollege of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-651X
Wangjie CenCollege of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Yulin ZhouCollege of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Shilie ZhengCollege of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Xiaonan HuiCollege of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. x.hui@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3378-5225
Xianmin ZhangCollege of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Funding

Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology) 2022YFB2903800National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) Grant 62371419
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intelligent metasurfaces, capable of shaping the electromagnetic field, have been extensively investigated in diverse scenarios, including beamforming, wireless communication, and electromagnetic imaging. Adaptable metasurface control is essential for their applications in practical communications engineering. Here we present a cyber-managed metasurface system to enhance the convenience of metasurface sub-array management, which integrates radio frequency energy harvesting with star-topology hybrid networks. By employing digitized phase-shifted transmission lines as tunable elements, the system not only enables electromagnetic manipulation and sensing capabilities but also achieves ultra-low power consumption. Each metasurface sub-array consists of 2 × 2 units, serving as a network node for data transmission and the sharing of harvested energy. Additionally, these metasurface sub-arrays, designed to resemble LEGO blocks, can be combined into various configurations, enabling flexible electromagnetic manipulation. The cyber-managed metasurface can be seamlessly integrated into wireless communication systems and passive wireless sensing networks, thereby providing versatility across diverse applications.

Identifiers

PMID41577821
PMCPMC12932642

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.