Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41577569›Full record

ReviewJournal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID2026

Exploring How People With Intellectual Disabilities Experience the Therapeutic Alliance: A 'Best Fit' Framework Analysis Using Bordin's Model.

Max Whittaker, Andrew Jahoda, Dani Lewis, Dave Dagnan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Max WhittakerLancashire and South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Greenbank Day Centre, Preston, UK.
Andrew JahodaPsychological Medicine, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3985-6098
Dani LewisDoctorate in Clinical Psychology, the School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Dave DagnanCumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Community Learning Disability Services, Unit 9, Lillyhall Business Centre, Workington, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-1586

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is an increasing interest in therapeutic alliance within talking therapy for people with intellectual disability. The applicability of frameworks such as Bordin's (1979) model of therapy alliance has not been considered.

methodA review of qualitative literature on people with intellectual disability's experience of talking therapy identified 23 papers. A 'best fit' framework synthesis was used to explore the applicability of Bordin's model to the experiences of people with intellectual disability in therapy.

resultsThe analysis supported Bordin's core themes of bond, task and goals. An additional theme was identified concerning the extension of the therapist's role to include active advocacy and support in the lives of people with intellectual disability outside of therapy.

conclusionThis study identified the experience of people with intellectual disability in therapy as consistent with Bordin's model and suggests that further research specific to the model would be productive.

Indexed as

Intellectual DisabilityModels, PsychologicalPersons with Intellectual DisabilitiesTherapeutic AllianceHumansQualitative ResearchbondBordingoalsintellectual disabilityqualitativetaskstherapeutic alliance

Identifiers

PMID41577569
PMCPMC12830318

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.