ArticleBMJ open2026
Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological therapies for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea: protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIrritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D) significantly impairs patients' quality of life. Although various non-pharmacological interventions show promise, evidence on their comparative effectiveness remains limited. This protocol outlines a systematic review and network meta-analysis designed to comprehensively evaluate and rank the efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended non-pharmacological therapies. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will systematically search PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Database, Wanfang Data and VIP Database from inception to January 2025. Eligible studies will include randomised controlled trials assessing guideline-recommended non-pharmacological interventions, probiotics, acupuncture, cognitive-behavioural therapy, dietary modifications and faecal microbiota transplantation in adults diagnosed with IBS-D based on Rome III or IV criteria. The primary outcome is the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptom Severity Score. Secondary outcomes include the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Two independent reviewers will screen studies, extract data and evaluate risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Network meta-analysis will be performed using frequentist methods with Stata and R software. Transitivity, heterogeneity, consistency and publication bias will be assessed. Certainty of evidence will be graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations methodology, supplemented with trial sequential analysis to determine the required information size. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required for this secondary analysis as it uses published data. The results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations to inform clinical practice and guideline development. REGISTRATION: INPLASY202470112.
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