Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41576956›Full record

ArticleNeuron2026

The cerebellar components of the human language network.

Colton Casto, Moshe Poliak, Greta Tuckute, Hannah Small, Patrick Sherlock, Agata Wolna, Benjamin Lipkin, Anila M D'Mello, Evelina Fedorenko

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neuron, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The Extended Language Network: Language-Responsive Brain Areas Whose Contributions to Language Remain To Be Discovered.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  6. Unsupervised nonmotor learning in the human cerebellum.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Colton CastoKempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology (SHBT), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Brain and Cognitive Sciences Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: ccasto@mit.edu.
Moshe PoliakBrain and Cognitive Sciences Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Greta TuckuteBrain and Cognitive Sciences Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Hannah SmallCognitive Science Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Patrick SherlockBrain and Cognitive Sciences Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Agata WolnaBrain and Cognitive Sciences Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Benjamin LipkinBrain and Cognitive Sciences Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Anila M D'MelloPsychiatry Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Psychology Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
Evelina FedorenkoProgram in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology (SHBT), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Brain and Cognitive Sciences Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: evelina9@mit.edu.

Funding

Computational Neuroscience of Language Processing in the Human BrainU01NS121471 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI FEDORENKO, EVELINA, RICHARDSON, ROBERT MARK · 2021 to 2025
$3.2M
Functional reorganization of the language and domain-general multiple demand systems in aphasiaR01DC016950 · NIDCD · BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS) · PI FEDORENKO, EVELINA, KIRAN, SWATHI · 2019 to 2023
$3.2M
The neural architecture of pragmatic processingR01DC016607 · NIDCD · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI FEDORENKO, EVELINA · 2018 to 2022
$2.4M
NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC016607NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC016950NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS121471
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite ample evidence of cerebellar contributions to cognition, including language, its precise role remains debated. We systematically characterize cerebellar language-responsive regions using precision fMRI. We identify four cerebellar regions that respond to language across modalities (experiments 1a and 1b, n = 754). One region-spanning Crus I/II/lobule VIIb-is selective for language relative to diverse non-linguistic tasks (experiments 2a-2f, n = 732), and the rest exhibit mixed selectivity. Similar to the neocortical language system, the language-selective region is engaged during comprehension and production (experiments 3a and 3b, n = 100), shows sensitivity to linguistic difficulty (experiment 3c, n = 5), and responds to both social and nonsocial sentences (experiment 3d, n = 10). Finally, all four regions, but especially Crus I/II/VIIb, are functionally connected to the neocortical language system (experiment 4, n = 85). We propose that these cerebellar regions constitute components of the extended language network, with one region closely mirroring the neocortical network and the rest plausibly integrating information from diverse neocortical regions.

Indexed as

CerebellumLanguageNerve NetAdultBrain MappingComprehensionFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleNeural PathwaysYoung Adultcerebellumcognitive neurosciencefMRIlanguage

Identifiers

PMID41576956
PMCPMC13551672

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.