Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41576923›Full record

ArticleACS biomaterials science & engineering2026

Evaluation of Trilysine-Cross-Linked Gellan Gum for Intratumoral Delivery of Anti-PD-1 in a Colorectal Cancer Mouse Tumor Model.

Carolina Villarreal-Otalvaro, Francini Luna, Rosangel A Ramos Espinoza, Eric D Lombardini, Zephyr Paxton, Luis Vidali, Jeannine M Coburn

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS biomaterials science & engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Carolina Villarreal-OtalvaroDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States.
Francini LunaBoston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, United States.
Rosangel A Ramos EspinozaBoston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, United States.
Eric D LombardiniBoston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, United States.
Zephyr PaxtonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States.
Luis VidaliDepartment of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States.
Jeannine M CoburnDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-6354-5436

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death in the United States in the adult population. When detected at early stages, the survival rate is higher than 70% but when diagnosed at a metastatic stage, the 5-year survival rate significantly declines to 15%. In recent years, immunotherapy has shown promising results in a selective patient population with advanced or metastatic CRC with microsatellite instability (MSI) and mismatch repair (MMR). Hydrogels are a growing field of research to improve the delivery of monoclonal antibodies. In this work, a gellan gum-based (GG) hydrogel noncovalently cross-linked using trilysine (TLA) was characterized for its drug release and diffusion properties. A partial release of the checkpoint inhibitor anti-programmed death-1 (aPD-1) was observed with an almost 40% cumulative release within the first 24 h. FRAP analysis showed varying diffusion rates (μm

Indexed as

Colorectal NeoplasmsImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsLysinePolysaccharides, BacterialProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorAnimalsCell Line, TumorDisease Models, AnimalDrug Delivery SystemsFemaleHumansHydrogelsMicegellan gumHydrogelsImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsLysinePolysaccharides, BacterialProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptoraPD-1 releasecolorectal cancerhydrogelintratumoral deliverysystemic injection

Identifiers

PMID41576923
PMCPMC12892250

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.