Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41576221›Full record

SynthesisPhlebology2026

Patterns of recurrent varicose veins after surgery (REVAS): A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Konstantinos Kavallieros, Adam M Gwozdz, Benedict Turner, Giannis Konstantinou, Emmanuel Giannas, Iris Soteriou, Julianne Stoughton, Alun H Davies

Abstract readNetwork Meta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Phlebology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Konstantinos KavallierosAcademic Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0912-9383
Adam M GwozdzAcademic Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5913-2273
Benedict TurnerAcademic Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4804-9343
Giannis KonstantinouFaculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Emmanuel GiannasFaculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Iris SoteriouFaculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5744-5786
Julianne StoughtonDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Stoneham, MA, USA.
Alun H DaviesAcademic Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5261-6913

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BackgroundRecurrence of superficial venous incompetence is common following interventional treatment and a classification system (Recurrent Varices After Surgery, REVAS) has been developed. However, it is not known whether specific, predictable patterns of reflux occur following treatment nor how these may vary by treatment modality. This study aimed to explore varicose vein recurrence patterns according to procedural technique.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines and a registered protocol (CRD42023455512), MEDLINE, Embase, and ClinTrials.gov were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) on surgical or endovenous treatment of primary saphenous vein insufficiency with at least 1-year follow-up, and assessment of recurrence patterns. The primary outcome was reflux recurrence as per the REVAS classification. A random-effects network meta-analysis was conducted in R, calculating risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe 3467 records identified yielded 23 unique RCTs, investigating 8 different modalities. Recurrence rates varied by anatomical section: saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) showed 23.6% cumulative recurrence, thigh perforators 7.6%, and lower leg perforators 4.7% recurrence. Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and foam sclerotherapy (FS) had higher risk of SFJ recurrence compared to HLS with a risk ratio of 2.29 (1.40-3.76) and 2.09 (1.20-3.62) (I

Indexed as

Endovascular ProceduresLaser TherapySaphenous VeinSclerotherapyVaricose VeinsHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRecurrenceendovenous ablationrecurrenceREVASvaricose veins

Identifiers

PMID41576221
PMCPMC13490677

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.