Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41576069›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Broad beta-CoV immunity and transmission blockade by a single-dose live-attenuated vaccine with atypical codon usage.

Nigeer Te, Alex Wing Hong Chin, Haogao Gu, Janice Zhirong Jia, Yi Huang, Samuel Mo Sheung Cheng, Chee Wah Tan, Jincun Zhao, Kenrie Pui Yan Hui, Michael Chi Wai Chan and 7 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Nigeer TeSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Alex Wing Hong ChinSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Haogao GuSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Janice Zhirong JiaHKU-Pasteur Research Pole, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Yi HuangSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Samuel Mo Sheung ChengSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7293-2331
Chee Wah TanProgramme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
Jincun ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510182, China.
Kenrie Pui Yan HuiSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1506-0535
Michael Chi Wai ChanSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Bo FengSchool of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4018-3257
Ahmed Abdul QuadeerDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Matthew R McKayDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Linfa WangProgramme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-2752-0535
Sophie A ValkenburgHKU-Pasteur Research Pole, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0768-9926
Malik PeirisSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8217-5995
Leo Lit Man PoonSchool of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9101-7953

Funding

University Grants Committee (UGC) C7145-20GUniversity Grants Committee (UGC) T11-705/21-N
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Current COVID-19 vaccines have saved countless lives but primarily aim to induce immunity to the spike or its RBD protein and often fail to confer broad or durable protection against rapidly evolving variants and prevent transmission. Here, we invented a live-attenuated broad-spectrum coronavirus vaccine (cb1) by changing the codon usage bias of SARS-CoV-2 genome, which maintained amino acid conservation but reduced virulence. A single intranasal dose of cb1 vaccine elicits remarkably broad and potent immunity that overcomes existing parenteral vaccine's limitations. cb1 induced robust neutralizing antibody and T cell responses that translated into complete protection in animal models, including prevention of viral transmission to unvaccinated contacts. Notably, cb1 provided cross-protection not only against diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern but also against more divergent SARS-CoV-1 and hCoV-OC43, a breadth of immunity unparalleled by current vaccines. These findings highlight the potential of cb1 to address urgent needs for next-generation COVID-19 vaccines that elicit mucosal immunity with broad, long-lasting efficacy, eliminating the necessity for frequent updates.

Indexed as

Codon UsageCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesSARS-CoV-2AnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCross ProtectionFemaleGenome, ViralHumansMiceSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVaccines, AttenuatedAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVaccines, Attenuatedcodon biascoronaviruslive-attenuated virusvaccine

Identifiers

PMID41576069
PMCPMC12846808

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.