SynthesisCardiology2026
Sex Disparities in Mortality and Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Infective Endocarditis: A Meta-Analysis of Reconstructed Time-to-Event Data.
Synthesis in Cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSex disparities in the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of infective endocarditis (IE) remain inconsistent throughout the literature. We aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of sex-associated disparities in all-cause mortality and baseline clinical characteristics among patients with IE.
methodsWe comprehensively searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science till July 2025 for studies reporting sex-specific data on clinical presentation, mortality, and management patterns in IE. We reconstructed individual patient data from published Kaplan-Meier plots for all-cause mortality and estimated HR with 95% CI using a Cox regression model. Data regarding clinical presentation, microbiological profile, and management were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.
resultsEighteen studies comprising 12,594 female and 24,365 male patients were included. Female sex was associated with a higher risk of mortality (HR: 1.338, 95% CI: 1.272-1.407, p < 0.001). Women more often had mitral valve endocarditis and valve vegetations but less frequently aortic valve endocarditis and intracardiac abscesses. Rates of surgical indication were similar between sexes, yet women underwent surgery less often, coinciding with higher baseline EuroScore II. Enterococcal infections were less common in women, with no significant sex differences for other microbiological etiologies.
conclusionWomen with IE experience higher mortality than men despite similar surgical indications, alongside distinctive valve involvement patterns, higher baseline surgical risk, and lower surgical intervention rates. Earlier recognition, timely intervention, and optimized surgical decision-making in women may help reduce this disparity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.