Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41575615›Full record

ReviewMolecular neurobiology2026

Phosphorylated Tau Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: From Early Detection to Clinical Potential-A Comprehensive Review.

Prasanna Karur, Matthew Kaldas, Yatin Srinivash Ramesh Babu, Mayur S Parmar

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular neurobiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Prasanna Karur *Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Tampa Bay Regional Campus, Clearwater, FL, USA.
Matthew Kaldas *Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Tampa Bay Regional Campus, Clearwater, FL, USA.
Yatin Srinivash Ramesh Babu *Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
Mayur S ParmarDepartment of Foundational Sciences, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Tampa Bay Regional Campus, Clearwater, FL, USA. mparmar@nova.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the pathological accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid plaques, with hyperphosphorylated tau protein playing a central role in the formation of NFTs. Among the various phosphorylation sites on tau, p-tau181, p-tau231, and p-tau217 have emerged as promising biomarkers for AD. In addition, given the complexity of tau modifications across multiple sites, recent studies have explored tau forms phosphorylated at several sites simultaneously, hypothesizing that multi-site phosphorylation may offer greater diagnostic value than single-site modifications. These biomarkers can be measured in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using immunoassays, and their levels can be correlated with neuroimaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This review article comprehensively compares these three phosphorylation sites to evaluate their roles as biomarkers in AD, focusing on their diagnostic accuracy, utility in early detection, and potential for monitoring disease progression. Each biomarker offers unique advantages and disadvantages, which influence its applicability in both clinical and research settings. Further, the review also highlights the evolving nature of this field, emphasizing the need for standardized approaches and further research to validate these biomarkers across diverse populations and integrate them into routine clinical practice. By synthesizing current evidence, including recent validation of fully automated platforms for plasma p-tau, this article provides insights into the transformative potential of tau biomarkers for improving AD diagnosis and management. The FDA's clearance of a plasma p-tau217-based blood test in May 2025 represents a pivotal step toward accessible, non-invasive AD diagnostics. This development highlights the valuable role of tau as a potential biomarker for the disease.

Indexed as

Alzheimer Diseasetau ProteinsAnimalsBiomarkersEarly DiagnosisHumansPhosphorylationBiomarkerstau ProteinsAlzheimer’s diseaseBiomarkersDementiap-tau181p-tau217p-tau231TauTau hyperphosphorylation

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.