Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41574630›Full record

ReviewDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2026

Development of the blood-brain barrier.

Benjamin D Gastfriend, Richard Daneman

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Development (Cambridge, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Cell-to-Cell Signaling Networks at the Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Disease.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Benjamin D GastfriendDepartments of Neurosciences and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4677-1455
Richard DanemanDepartments of Neurosciences and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7749-6353

Funding

Blood Cells in Hemostasis and ThrombosisT32HL086344 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI GINSBERG, MARK HOWARD · 2008 to 2023
$4.4M
Neurovascular circadian oscillation in health and Alzheimer's diseaseRF1AG078241 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DANEMAN, RICHARD, GACHON, FREDERIC BRUNO MARTIN · 2023 to 2023
$2.0M
Role of Sox18 in neurovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer's diseaseR01AG090641 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Richard Daneman · 2025 to 2026
$1.5M
Neurovascular circadian oscillation in health and Alzheimer's diseaseR01AG078241 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Richard Daneman · 2026 to 2026
$546k
Development of Tissue-Specific Properties in Central Nervous System Mural CellsF32NS134680 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI GASTFRIEND, BENJAMIN DOMENIC · 2024 to 2025
$145k
NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL086344NIA NIH HHS R01 AG090641NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG078241NIH HHS F32NS134680NIH HHS R01AG078241NIH HHS R01AG090641NIH HHS T32HL086344NINDS NIH HHS F32 NS134680
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a term used to describe the specialized properties of vasculature in the central nervous system (CNS) that regulate the exchange of ions, molecules and cells, thereby maintaining CNS homeostasis. These BBB properties are largely possessed by vascular endothelial cells, which exhibit molecular specializations that distinguish them from endothelial cells in other organs. BBB development - orchestrated by complex interactions between endothelial cells, neural progenitor cells, pericytes, astrocytes, neurons and other cell types that form the neurovascular unit - is initiated concurrently with CNS angiogenesis and continues during expansion and maturation of the vasculature. Importantly, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a central role in barriergenesis, the initial acquisition of BBB phenotype in endothelial cells. In this Review, we summarize current understanding of BBB development, including timing and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. We also discuss established and emerging techniques for studying BBB development and highlight important unanswered questions in the field.

Indexed as

Blood-Brain BarrierAnimalsAstrocytesEndothelial CellsHumansNeovascularization, PhysiologicPericytesWnt Signaling PathwayAstrocytesBlood–brain barrierCentral nervous systemEndothelial cellsPericytesVasculatureWnt/β-catenin signaling

Identifiers

PMID41574630
PMCPMC12863308

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.