Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41574482›Full record

ArticleCurrent protocols2026

Evaluating Mineral Deposition in Bone-Regenerative Collagen-Based Scaffolds Using High-Resolution microCT and 3D Computational Segmentation.

Youngnam Kang, Kaavian Shariati, Catherine T Cascavita, Xiaoyan Ren, Brendan A C Harley, Shili Xu, Justine C Lee

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Youngnam KangDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4794-3298
Kaavian ShariatiDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0453-4275
Catherine T CascavitaDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5828-3515
Xiaoyan RenDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-7412
Brendan A C HarleyDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5458-154X
Shili XuDepartment of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-8673
Justine C LeeDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.

Funding

Mineralized collagen composite to accelerate craniofacial bone regenerationR01DE030491 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI HARLEY, BRENDAN A. · 2021 to 2025
$2.2M
PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF NANOPARTICULATE MINERALIZED COLLAGEN GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN MATERIALS IN CALVARIAL REGENERATIONR01DE028098 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI LEE, JUSTINE CHIA · 2019 to 2023
$1.9M
Osteoclast modulatory biomaterials for skull regenerationR01DE029234 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI LEE, JUSTINE CHIA · 2020 to 2024
$1.9M
NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE028098NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE029234NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE030491
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bone regeneration depends on coordinated interactions among cells, extracellular matrices, and the dynamic microenvironment within engineered constructs. Mineralized collagen-glycosaminoglycan (MC-GAG) scaffolds are designed to replicate key features of native bone matrix, yet their mineral accumulation and mechanical performance remain lower than those of mature bone, making precise evaluation of mineral deposition essential. High-resolution microCT imaging provides nondestructive, three-dimensional (3D) visualization of mineral distribution, density, and microarchitecture with substantially improved fidelity. Through dynamic, angle-dependent calibration and scan-specific recalibration, our microCT scanner HiCT minimizes motion- and temperature-related artifacts and enables consistent, high-resolution imaging suitable for small scaffold systems. This protocol outlines an integrated workflow combining high-resolution microCT scanning with advanced image segmentation to assess mineralization within MC-GAG scaffolds. The method includes scaffold fabrication, chemical cross-linking, and human mesenchymal stem cell culture, followed by stable positioning in custom 3D-printed racks to ensure precise imaging geometry. Reconstruction and threshold-based segmentation in a DICOM viewer such as ORS Dragonfly allow separation of scaffold structure from higher-density mineral phases, providing detailed visualization and quantitative analysis of mineral deposition. This reproducible framework enhances the characterization of bone-regenerative biomaterials and supports efforts to engineer scaffolds that more closely mimic the structural and functional properties of native bone. © 2026 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Fabrication of bone regenerative mineralized collagen scaffolds Basic Protocol 2: High-resolution microCT scanning and microstructural analysis of the MC-GAG scaffolds.

Indexed as

Bone RegenerationCalcification, PhysiologicCollagenImaging, Three-DimensionalTissue ScaffoldsX-Ray MicrotomographyAnimalsBone and BonesGlycosaminoglycansHumansMesenchymal Stem CellsTissue EngineeringCollagenGlycosaminoglycans3D image segmentationbone regenerationcollagen‐based scaffoldshigh‐resolution microCTmineral volume quantification

Identifiers

PMID41574482
PMCPMC12828634

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.