ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025
High intra-tumoral and serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels are associated with reduced survival of patients with glioblastoma and brain metastases.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) has been shown to promote glioblastoma invasion and the spread of brain metastases (BM). However, the current literature on its link to patient survival is inconsistent. This study examines intra-tumoral and sera MMP-9 levels and their correlation with overall survival (OS) in patients with glioblastoma and BM. Methods: A total of 69 tumor and pre-operative serum samples were collected from the brain tumor bank at the neurosurgery department of Soroka University Medical Center. These samples were obtained from patients who underwent tumor resection between 2015 and 2021. Clinical and imaging data from 27 glioblastoma patients and 30 individuals with brain metastases were analyzed, measuring and comparing their intra-tumoral and sera MMP-9 levels and activity against those of 12 meningioma patients and 23 healthy controls. Survival analyses were performed to examine the relationship between MMP-9 levels, activity, and clinical parameters. Results: Patients with glioblastoma and BM showed higher median intra-tumoral MMP-9 levels (8 ng/ml and 4 ng/ml, respectively, p<0.001), increased intra-tumoral MMP-9 activity, and pre-operative serum MMP-9 levels (2.8-fold and 1.8-fold higher than controls, respectively, p<0.001). MMP-9 was found within and between glioblastoma cells. Elevated intra-tumoral and serum MMP-9 levels, but not its activity, were associated with reduced overall survival in glioblastoma and BM patients (15.8 versus 8.4 months, p=0.022). Notably, MMP-9 was easily detectable in the patients' sera. Conclusions: This study shows that high intra-tumoral and/or sera MMP-9 levels at diagnosis are linked to significantly worse patient OS. Additionally, intra-tumoral and sera MMP-9 may help identify glioblastoma and BM recurrence or progression. Importantly, sera MMP-9 levels can be monitored over time non-invasively, and an increase might indicate tumor progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.