ReviewCureus2025
Telepharmacy for Chronic Disease Management in Saudi Arabia Compared With the United States and the United Kingdom: A Narrative Review.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Telepharmacy is increasingly recognized as a transformative model for improving access to pharmaceutical care, enhancing and supporting chronic disease management through remotely delivered medication review, therapy optimization, and adherence support. By enabling structured pharmacist-led interventions, telepharmacy has the potential to enhance medication safety by reducing prescribing errors, improving monitoring of high-risk therapies, and strengthening continuity of care across healthcare settings. Saudi Arabia has rapidly expanded digital health initiatives under Vision 2030, yet its telepharmacy landscape remains in an evolving developmental stage compared with mature systems in the United States of America (USA) and the United Kingdom (UK). This narrative review examines the enabling and limiting factors influencing telepharmacy implementation for chronic disease management across these three regions, with a focus on digital infrastructure, clinical outcomes, regulatory preparedness, pharmacist readiness, and patient experience. Saudi Arabia demonstrates early clinical success and features advanced institutional models. However, persistent challenges include regulatory ambiguity, inconsistent enforcement, limited pharmacist training, digital literacy gaps, and a shortage of rigorous outcome-based research. Insights from the USA and UK emphasize the importance of national governance, sustainable reimbursement models, and standardized workflows. Strengthening regulation, enhancing workforce training, and establishing financial sustainability are critical for advancing telepharmacy within Saudi Arabia's chronic disease management pathways.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.