ArticleBMJ public health2026
Comparative analysis of child restraint system use in nine cities: a multiround cross-sectional observational study.
Article in BMJ public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Unequal risk: Longitudinal observation of socioeconomic disparities and pedestrian mortality patterns in Cali, Colombia.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of death in children worldwide. Over 90% of road traffic deaths occur in low-income and middle-income countries. Unfortunately, there is very little data on child restraint system (CRS) use in major regions globally. Using data from nine cities, the objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence of CRS and how this has changed over time, and to investigate factors associated with CRS use. Methods: The nine cities included in the analysis were Accra, Addis Ababa, Bandung, Bangkok, Bogota, Fortaleza, Ho Chi Minh City, Mumbai and Sao Paulo. This was a cross-sectional study, with eight rounds of roadside observational data collected from February 2015 to March 2019. Results: There were 34 247 child passengers between the ages of 0-12. The overall prevalence of CRS use was 37.07% for children under 5 and 7.54% for children over 5. Sao Paulo had the highest overall prevalence of CRS use under 5 (40.08%) while Bandung had the lowest (1.25%). Only Mumbai had a significant increase in CRS use over time. Child passengers had higher odds of using CRS if they were younger, in the rear seat, with fewer passengers in the vehicle, and if the driver was wearing their seatbelt. Conclusions: The prevalence of correct utilisation of CRS is concerningly low and shows large variation globally. This study highlights the urgency of implementing a multifaceted approach to reach the Second Decade of Road Safety Goal of increasing child restraint use to close to 100% by 2030.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.