ArticleInternational journal of ophthalmology2026
Visual prognosis and survival outcomes in patients with ocular adnexal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Article in International journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimTo investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes, including visual function and overall survival (OS) of patients with ocular adnexal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OA-DLBCL).
methodsThis retrospective cohort study enrolled 29 patients diagnosed with OA-DLBCL based on histopathological biopsy between 2006 and 2023. Patients were stratified into two subgroups: primary OA-DLBCL (no prior history of lymphoma) and secondary OA-DLBCL (history of DLBCL at non-ocular adnexal sites). OS was defined as the time interval from OA-DLBCL diagnosis to death from any cause. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors affecting OS were identified using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression with a stepwise selection approach.
resultsThe cohort included 24 patients with primary OA-DLBCL (13 males, 11 females; mean age: 61.36±18.29y) and 5 patients with secondary OA-DLBCL (2 males, 3 females; mean age: 50.94±18.17y). Among the primary OA-DLBCL subgroup, 12 patients (50%) presented with advanced disease (Ann Arbor stage IIIE-IV), and 16 patients (66%) were classified as T4 disease according to the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system. The mean final visual acuity was 1.72±1.10 in the primary group and 0.90±1.18 in the secondary group. The 5-year OS rate for the entire cohort was 27.7%. Multivariate analysis identified five factors significantly associated with poor survival outcomes: epiphora [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 36.95], atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (aHR, 10.08), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (aHR, 12.47), M1 stage (aHR, 6.99), and secondary OA-DLBCL (aHR, 6.03; all
conclusionA substantial proportion of patients with primary OA-DLBCL present with advanced-stage disease at diagnosis. Epiphora, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, HIV infection, M1 stage, and secondary OA-DLBCL are independent prognostic factors for poor survival outcomes. These findings emphasize the urgent need for optimized therapeutic strategies and early screening protocols to improve the management of OA-DLBCL, particularly in developing countries.
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