ArticleBJPsych open2026
Long-term effectiveness and side-effects of intranasal esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: real-world, single-arm study of over 100 sessions.
Article in BJPsych open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Intranasal administration in modulating depressive-like behavior and reconstructing treatment paradigms through neuroinflammation and neurotrophic pathways.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundTreatment-resistant depression (TRD) poses a significant clinical challenge, with limited evidence guiding long-term pharmacological strategies. Esketamine, a glutamatergic modulator, has demonstrated short-term efficacy in TRD, but data on its extended use in real-world settings remains scarce.
aimsThis study aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and side-effects of intranasal esketamine in adults with TRD over more than 100 treatment sessions.
methodWe conducted a retrospective, single-arm, pre-post study of 20 patients with TRD at a psychiatric out-patient clinic in the United Arab Emirates. All participants received ≥100 sessions of intranasal esketamine alongside oral antidepressants. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales. Side-effects were monitored through blood pressure, sedation, dissociation, urinary symptoms and psychiatric symptoms.
resultsAfter an average of 129 esketamine sessions (mean duration 2.5 years), PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores significantly decreased (
conclusionsIntranasal esketamine demonstrated sustained effectiveness and an acceptable side-effect profile in a real-world TRD cohort with extensive psychiatric comorbidity. These findings support its long-term use in complex clinical populations, and underscore the need for further prospective, multi-site studies.
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