ReviewDrug delivery2026
Advancements and challenges in ophthalmic microneedles to treat eye diseases.
Review in Drug delivery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
By 2050, more than 61 million people worldwide are expected to lose their vision due to conditions like age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and uveitis (Bourne et al. 2021). This anticipated rise highlights the urgent need for more effective treatment options. While progress continues in developing new pharmacological agents, treating ocular diseases with these therapies remains particularly challenging due to the eye's unique and complex anatomy. This is largely due to the limitations of current drug delivery methods, including systemic administration, topical delivery application, transscleral/periocular drug delivery, and intravitreal injections, which are associated with low bioavailability, side effects, and rapid drug clearance. Given these challenges, microneedles have emerged as a promising alternative. Their minimally invasive nature and ability to precisely target the anterior and posterior segments make them well suited for enhancing therapeutic outcomes while reducing systemic exposure and potential side effects, as well as improving patient adherence (Kang-Mieler et al. 2017; Gadziński et al. 2022). The purpose of this review is to discuss recent advancements, key challenges, and strategies for microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems, with an emphasis on their potential to treat both anterior and posterior eye diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.