Rotary Electromechanical System Integrating Non-Reciprocal Memory and Combinational Logic.

Recent advances in mechanical computing have harnessed bistable mechanisms with intrinsic memory to extend the scope of physically embodied intelligence, enabling history-dependent behavior. However, existing mechanical computing architectures largely fail to integrate mechanically encoded memory with the logic operations necessary for sequential information processing, a foundational requirement for advanced computational tasks, such as autonomous sequential decision-making. Here, we introduce a rotary electromechanical computing system that unifies non-reciprocal mechanical memory with combinational logic, enabling reprogrammable sequential decision-making within a single finite-state-machine (FSM) framework. The architecture consists of serially coupled rotary bistable units that collectively produce a history-dependent, non-reciprocal mechanical memory. The discrete geometric orientation of each unit encodes a binary state, which is transduced through a conductive network to execute logic operations. Under applied torque, the stacked system functions as a four-bit FSM, in which state-transition rules can be reconfigured by modifying the electromechanical coupling. This rotary FSM demonstrates multiple computing functionalities, including digital combination locking, in-memory electromechanical computation, and reprogrammable digital control. By embedding non-reciprocal state evolution and electrical logic directly into physical hardware, this work establishes a pathway toward physically embedded intelligence for next-generation electromechanical systems.